Abstract The widespread use of antiretroviral therapy and remarkable success in the treatment of paediatric HIV infection has changed the face of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) epidemic in children from a fatal disease to that of a chronic illness. Many children living with HIV are surviving into adolescence. This sub-population of people living with HIV is emerging as a public health challenge and burden in terms of healthcare management and service utilization than previously anticipated. This article provides an overview of the socio-developmental challenges facing adolescents living with HIV especially in a resource-limited setting like Nigeria. These include concerns about their healthy sexuality, safer sex and transition to adulthood, disclosure of their status and potential stigma, challenges faced with daily living, access and adherence to treatment, access to care and support, and clinic transition. Other issues include reality of death and implications for fertility intentions, mental health concerns and neurocognitive development. Coping strategies and needed support for adolescents living with HIV are also discussed, and the implications for policy formulation and programme design and implementation in Nigeria are highlighted.
Author Archives: Shabir Moosa
What Do District Health Managers in Ghana Use Their Working Time for? A Case Study of Three Districts
Abstract
Background
Ineffective district health management potentially impacts on health system performance and service delivery. However, little is known about district health managing practices and time allocation in resource-constrained health systems. Therefore, a time use study was conducted in order to understand current time use practices of district health managers in Ghana.
Methods
All 21 district health managers working in three districts of the Eastern Region were included in the study and followed for a period of three months. Daily retrospective interviews about their time use were conducted, covering 1182 person-days of observation. Total time use of the sample population was assessed as well as time use stratified by managerial position. Differences of time use over time were also evaluated.
Results
District health managers used most of their working time for data management (16.6%), attending workshops (12.3%), financial management (8.7%), training of staff (7.1%), drug and supply management (5.0%), and travelling (9.6%). The study found significant variations of time use across the managerial cadres as well as high weekly variations of time use impulsed mainly by a national vertical program.
Conclusions
District health managers in Ghana use substantial amounts of their working time in only few activities and vertical programs greatly influence their time use. Our findings suggest that efficiency gains are possible for district health managers. However, these are unlikely to be achieved without improvements within the general health system, as inefficiencies seem to be largely caused by external factors.
Article collections The Many Meanings of ‘Quality’ in Healthcare: Interdisciplinary Perspectives
The Many Meanings of ‘Quality’ in Healthcare: Interdisciplinary Perspectives
Edited by: Dr Deborah Swinglehurst
Collection published: 23 April 2015
Exploring corruption in the South African health sector
Abstract
Recent scholarly attention has focused on weak governance and the negative effects of corruption on the provision of health services. Employing agency theory, this article discusses corruption in the South African health sector. We used a combination of research methods and triangulated data from three sources: Auditor-General of South Africa reports for each province covering a 9-year period; 13 semi-structured interviews with health sector key informants and a content analysis of print media reports covering a 3-year period. Findings from the Auditor-General reports showed a worsening trend in audit outcomes with marked variation across the nine provinces. Key-informants indicated that corruption has a negative effect on patient care and the morale of healthcare workers. The majority of the print media reports on corruption concerned the public health sector (63%) and involved provincial health departments (45%). Characteristics and complexity of the public health sector may increase its vulnerability to corruption, but the private-public binary constitutes a false dichotomy as corruption often involves agents from both sectors. Notwithstanding the lack of global validated indicators to measure corruption, our findings suggest that corruption is a problem in the South African healthcare sector. Corruption is influenced by adverse agent selection, lack of mechanisms to detect corruption and a failure to sanction those involved in corrupt activities. We conclude that appropriate legislation is a necessary, but not sufficient intervention to reduce corruption. We propose that mechanisms to reduce corruption must include the political will to run corruption-free health services, effective government to enforce laws, appropriate systems, and citizen involvement and advocacy to hold public officials accountable. Importantly, the institutionalization of a functional bureaucracy and public servants with the right skills, competencies, ethics and value systems and whose interests are aligned with health system goals are critical interventions in the fight against corruption.
Evaluating the effectiveness of care integration strategies in different healthcare systems in Latin America: the EQUITY-LA II quasi-experimental study protocol
Abstract
Introduction Although fragmentation in the provision of healthcare is considered an important obstacle to effective care, there is scant evidence on best practices in care coordination in Latin America. The aim is to evaluate the effectiveness of a participatory shared care strategy in improving coordination across care levels and related care quality, in health services networks in six different healthcare systems of Latin America.
Methods and analysis A controlled before and after quasi-experimental study taking a participatory action research approach. In each country, two comparable healthcare networks were selected—intervention and control. The study contains four phases: (1) A baseline study to establish network performance in care coordination and continuity across care levels, using (A) qualitative methods: semi-structured interviews and focus groups with a criterion sample of health managers, professionals and users; and (B) quantitative methods: two questionnaire surveys with samples of 174 primary and secondary care physicians and 392 users with chronic conditions per network. Sample size was calculated to detect a proportion difference of 15% and 10%, before and after intervention (α=0.05; β=0.2 in a two-sided test); (2) a bottom-up participatory design and implementation of shared care strategies involving micro-level care coordination interventions to improve the adequacy of patient referral and information transfer. Strategies are selected through a participatory process by the local steering committee (local policymakers, health care network professionals, managers, users and researchers), supported by appropriate training; (3) Evaluation of the effectiveness of interventions by measuring changes in levels of care coordination and continuity 18 months after implementation, applying the same design as in the baseline study; (4) Cross-country comparative analysis.
Ethics and dissemination This study complies with international and national legal stipulations on ethics. Conditions of the study procedure were approved by each country’s ethical committee. A variety of dissemination activities are implemented addressing the main stakeholders. Registration No.257 Clinical Research Register of the Santa Fe Health Department, Argentina.
Does the National Health Insurance Scheme provide financial protection to households in Ghana?
Abstract
Background: Excessive healthcare payments can impede access to health services and also disrupt the welfare of households with no financial protection. Health insurance is expected to offer financial protection against health shocks. Ghana began the implementation of its National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) in 2004. The NHIS is aimed at removing the financial barrier to healthcare by limiting direct out-of-pocket health expenditures (OOPHE). The study examines the effect of the NHIS on OOPHE and how it protects households against catastrophic health expenditures.
Methods: Data was obtained from a cross-sectional representative household survey involving 2,430 households from three districts across Ghana. All OOPHE associated with treatment seeking for reported illness in the household in the last 4 weeks preceding the survey were analysed and compared between insured and uninsured persons. The incidence and intensity of catastrophic health expenditures (CHE) among households were measured by the catastrophic health payment method. The relative effect of NHIS on the incidence of CHE in the household was estimated by multiple logistic regression analysis.
Results: About 36% of households reported at least one illness during the 4 weeks period. Insured patients had significantly lower direct OOPHE for out-patient and in-patient care compared to the uninsured. On financial protection, the incidence of CHE was lower among insured households (2.9%) compared to the partially insured (3.7%) and the uninsured (4.0%) at the 40% threshold. The incidence of CHE was however significantly lower among fully insured households (6.0%) which sought healthcare from NHIS accredited health facilities compared to the partially insured (10.1%) and the uninsured households (23.2%). The likelihood of a household incurring CHE was 4.2 times less likely for fully insured and 2.9 times less likely for partially insured households relative to being uninsured. The NHIS has however not completely eliminated OOPHE for the insured and their households.
Conclusion: The NHIS has significant effect in reducing OOPHE and offers financial protection against CHE for insured individuals and their households though they still made some out-of-pocket payments. Efforts should aim at eliminating OOPHE for the insured if the objective for establishing the NHIS is to be achieved.
Reasons for home delivery and use of traditional birth attendants in rural Zambia: a qualitative study
Abstract
Background
Despite the policy change stopping traditional birth attendants (TBAs) from conducting deliveries at home and encouraging all women to give birth at the clinic under skilled care, many women still give birth at home and TBAs are essential providers of obstetric care in rural Zambia. The main reasons for pregnant women’s preference for TBAs are not well understood. This qualitative study aimed to identify reasons motivating women to giving birth at home and seek the help of TBAs. This knowledge is important for the design of public health interventions focusing on promoting facility-based skilled birth attendance in Zambia.
Methods
We conducted ten focus group discussions (n = 100) with women of reproductive age (15–45 years) in five health centre catchment areas with the lowest institutional delivery rates in the district. In addition, a total of 30 in-depth interviews were conducted comprising 5 TBAs, 4 headmen, 4 husbands, 4 mothers, 4 neighbourhood health committee (NHC) members, 4 community health workers (CHWs) and 5 nurses. Perspectives on TBAs, the decision-making process regarding home delivery and use of TBAs, and reasons for preference of TBAs and their services were explored.
Results
Our findings show that women’s lack of decision- making autonomy regarding child birth, dependence on the husband and other family members for the final decision, and various physical and socioeconomic barriers including long distances, lack of money for transport and the requirement to bring baby clothes and food while staying at the clinic, prevented them from delivering at a clinic. In addition, socio-cultural norms regarding childbirth, negative attitude towards the quality of services provided at the clinic, made most women deliver at home. Moreover, most women had a positive attitude towards TBAs and perceived them to be respectful, skilled, friendly, trustworthy, and available when they needed them.
Conclusion
Our findings suggest a need to empower women with decision-making skills regarding childbirth and to lower barriers that prevent them from going to the health facility in time. There is also need to improve the quality of existing facility-based delivery services and to strengthen linkages between TBAs and the formal health system.
When Frontline Practice Innovations Are Ahead of the Health Policy Community: The Example of Behavioral Health and Primary Care Integration
Abstract
Innovation in health care delivery often far outpaces the speed at which health policy changes to accommodate this innovation. Integrating behavioral health and primary care is a promising approach to defragment health care and help health care achieve the triple aim of decreasing costs, improving outcomes, and enhancing patients’ experiences. However, the problem remains that health policy does not frequently support the integration of care. This commentary describes some of the reasons policy falters as well as potential opportunities to begin to influence health policy to better support practices that take an integrated approach to health care.
Explaining the role of the social determinants of health on health inequality in South Africa
ABSTRACT
Background: Action on the social determinants of health (SDH) is relevant for reducing health inequalities. This is particularly the case for South Africa (SA) with its very high level of income inequality and inequalities in health and health outcomes. This paper provides evidence on the key SDH for reducing health inequalities in the country using a framework initially developed by the World Health Organization.
Objective: This paper assesses health inequalities in SA and explains the factors (i.e. SDH and other individual level factors) that account for large disparities in health. The relative contribution of different SDH to health inequality is also assessed.
Design: A cross-sectional design is used. Data come from the third wave of the nationally representative National Income Dynamics Study. A subsample of adults (18 years and older) is used. The main variable of interest is dichotomised good versus bad self-assessed health (SAH). Income-related health inequality is assessed using the standard concentration index (CI). A positive CI means that the rich report better health than the poor. A negative value signifies the opposite. The paper also decomposes the CI to assess its contributing factors.
Results: Good SAH is significantly concentrated among the rich rather than the poor (CI=0.008; p<0.01). Decomposition of this result shows that social protection and employment (contribution=0.012; p<0.01), knowledge and education (0.005; p<0.01), and housing and infrastructure (−0.003; p<0.01) contribute significantly to the disparities in good SAH in SA. After accounting for these other variables, the contribution of income and poverty is negligible.
Conclusions: Addressing health inequalities inter alia requires an increased government commitment in terms of budgetary allocations to key sectors (i.e. employment, social protection, education, housing, and other appropriate infrastructure). Attention should also be paid to equity in benefits from government expenditure. In addition, the health sector needs to play its role in providing a broad range of health services to reduce the burden of disease.
WONCA E-update 27 NOVEMBER 2015
WONCA E-Update
Friday 27th November 2015
The latest WONCA News is available via the WONCA website. This month’s edition is even more packed with WONCA news, views and events.
The latest WONCA Annual Report, covering the period from July 2014 to June 2015, has now been published. It’s available on line on the WONCA website and everyone is encouraged to read of the activities which have taken place throughout the year.
Report from recent WONCA Executive meeting in Istanbul
Our CEO, Dr Garth Manning, reports in his column this month on the recent Executive meeting held in Istanbul just prior to the WONCA Europe conference. Read more about the issues discussed, the decisions made and the new Member Organizations admitted to the WONCA family.
WHO call to protect health from climate change
The climate change negotiations (COP-21) will take place soon in Paris. WHO asks as many as possible to sign the WHO Call to Action on health and climate change and encourage your wider networks, friends, colleagues and other organizations to also sign.
Climate change has the potential to do serious harm to the health of individuals around the world. But tackling climate change could substantially reduce the risks while also improving human health by, for example, delivering cleaner air and healthier cities. That’s why WHO is asking you to support the call to action, with the aim at raising awareness of the health opportunities we can realise by tackling climate change now.
The latest updates on conferences and deadlines:
- South Asia Region, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 11-14 February 2016 – deadline for abstracts extended to 30th November
- Eastern Mediterranean Region, Dubai, 17-19 March 2016 – deadline for abstract submission is 30th December
- Europe Region, Copenhagen, 15-18 June 2016 – theme of the conference is “Family Doctors with Heads and Hearts”. Conference website is www.woncaeurope2016.com where you can also sign up for further information.
Publish Open Access with reduced, or even no, article publishing charges on Taylor & Francis journals for researchers in EIFL network countries
Researchers based in 45 countries are now able to publish open access (OA) in many Taylor & Francis and Routledge fully OA journals using greatly reduced and, in many cases, no article publishing charge (APC).
As part of a growing commitment to support open access publishing in emerging countries, we have been working with EIFL (Electronic Information for Libraries) to introduce a 12 month agreement which enables researchers to publish OA in 66 journals with a discounted, or even no, APC.
This discount or waiver applies to fully OA journals ranging across disciplines, including the sciences, social sciences and humanities, and is open to 45 EIFL network countries, with the aim of making publishing OA accessible for researchers in countries with developing or transition economies.
To take advantage of the reduced, or even waived, APC, researchers can check which countries are included, which Taylor & Francis journals are participating, and the relevant EIFL article publishing charge at http://authorservices.taylorandfrancis.com/eifl-open-access-agreement/. There are also step-by-step instructions on how to submit your paper under the EIFL OA agreement.
Find out more about publishing OA with Taylor & Francis with our OA basics factsheet: http://authorservices.taylorandfrancis.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Publishing-open-access-the-basics.pdf.
Best wishes,
Elaine
Elaine Devine, Senior Communications Manager (Author Relations)
Taylor & Francis Group – www.tandfonline.com
Crash Course in Tropical Medicine
In case anyone is interested, we have for the last 6 years run an annual ‘Crash Course in Tropical Medicine’ and I am attaching details here (pasted at end of email) for anyone interested. Any profits go back to the Kambia Appeal charity (http://www.kambia.org.uk/news/latest/post/42-crash-course-in-overseas-medicine). Please feel free to circulate as you see fit. All modules are delivered by experienced NHS professionals who have worked in challenging environments in developing countries. Here are some recent testimonials:
I just wanted to say how much I enjoyed the course last week. I thought it was an excellent balance of very well presented subjects & the whole thing seemed very organised & ran very smoothly. The opportunity to do some of the simulated procedures was fantastic too.
I think we all felt inspired & hopefully gained a bit of confidence whether about to go off for a year or just at the pre-planning stage.
So thank you very much for organising it – a great success.
Dear Mr Whyman
Just a quick note to thank you for organising the Crash Course. It was a fascinating course, really informative teachers who had relevant experience. I’d be very interested in going out to Kambia if my E.D sills could be useful.
I am writing on behalf of myself and my brother to thank you for arranging and facilitating such an excellent course.
It was only after a period of ‘reflection’ (something we are supposed to be doing these days apparently) that I realised how much we had got from the course and how it had made me think about what, why and for whom any work in Developing Countries is about.
The course contents was excellent; the most important and relevant issues being covered and anything not specifically timetabled was probably discussed informally over coffee or lunch. These interactions were a very important part of the course from my perspective.
The mixture of clinical medicine and practical procedure was well balanced. You used Consultants with first hand experience of this type of work and knowing that there is someone with an interest at the end of the phone or email is a comfort. There is a danger of giving too much information and missing the important practical advice, eg in microbiology.
I was able to create a list of useful things to take on the trip; this was extracted from the individuals as they spoke and may be could form part of the ‘book’ that you have planned for next year.
I particularly enjoyed your own personal experience of trying to operate under such conditions; using head torch and daughter! Your own altruism and wish to give back by helping others comes across very strongly. This was more relevant for us, however the MSF and VSO contribution balanced it well. Grania was inspirational.
“Overall a brilliant course, very well organised – thank you”
“What a brilliant course, Ab Fab! Please do it again, keep it up it’s brilliant”
“A great course overall. Would recommend this to anyone going abroad to a low income country”
“Hugely useful, relevant, inspiring and interesting course – thank you”
“Fantastic Course, really interesting”
CRASH COURSE IN OVERSEAS MEDICINE
(3 days)
Monday 8th – Wednesday 10th February 2016
Sandford Education Centre, Cheltenham General Hospital,
Keynsham Road, Cheltenham, Glos GL53 7PX
This intensive course is for: doctors or senior nurses/midwives who are considering working overseas in a developing country
We aim to cover all of the following (subject to speaker availability):
Personal Preparation
Ethical issues with working in developing countries
Trauma/immediate care/Fracture management
Hands-on workshops: Airway; cut-down/central venous/intra-osseous access; chest drain; plastering
Malaria
HIV and AIDS
Malnutrition
TB, leprosy
Reproductive health and illness
Obstetrics and emergencies, Caesarean section, Ventouse delivery, The Kiwi cup
Basic dentistry
Eye problems
Dermatology
Altitude Sickness
Ebola
Included: Meal at a local restaurant Monday 8th February 2016 at 8pm
Delegate fee: £375.00
For further information or to reserve a place please contact
Mrs Alex Townsend, Secretary to Mr Mark Whyman, Consultant Vascular Surgeon,
Cheltenham General Hospital, Sandford Road, Cheltenham, Glos GL53 7AN
Tel: 0300 422 4391 or email alex.townsend@glos.nhs.uk
Best wishes,
Shona
Mental healthcare in Nigeria. Webinar with Prof Oye Gureje & Prof Roger Makanjuola 12th December
“Are you mad?” “Your head is not correct!” “Possessed by the devil!”
These are phrases often spoken within the Nigerian culture. Although these words are sometimes said harmlessly, they are commonly not well informed. Information on mental healthcare in Nigeria is lacking, and there is significant neglect and lack of a good understanding of mental health issues and healthcare in Nigeria.
While well-established treatments exist internationally for mental health, and the World Health Organization (WHO) continues to work to make mental health a global development priority, there is still a lack of information in Nigeria regarding mental healthcare.
This webinar will explore the current state of mental healthcare in Nigeria; the state and role of research on mental healthcare development and delivery in Nigeria; the workforce situation in mental healthcare delivery in Nigeria; and the role of Government in mental healthcare delivery.
Saturday, December 12, 2015 | 4:00 p.m. – 5:30 p.m. UK time |5:00p.m – 6:30 p.m. Nigeria time
Register here
https://attendee.gotowebinar.com/register/2559374268604167938
Ike
http://nigeriahealthwatch.com/
Twitter: @ikeanya
Protocol for the development of a CONSORT- equity guideline to improve reporting of health equity in randomized trials
Protocol for the development of a CONSORT- equity guideline to improve reporting of health equity in randomized trials
Vivian Welch , J. Jull, J. Petkovic, R. Armstrong, Y. Boyer, LG Cuervo, SJL Edwards, A. Lydiatt, D. Gough and 17 more
Implementation Science (2015) 10:146
First online: October 2015
Abstract / Resumen:
Background: Health equity concerns the absence of avoidable and unfair differences in health. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) can provide evidence about the impact of an intervention on health equity for specific disadvantaged populations or in general populations; this is important for equity-focused decision-making. Previous work has identified a lack of adequate reporting guidelines for assessing health equity in RCTs. The objective of this study is to develop guidelines to improve the reporting of health equity considerations in RCTs, as an extension of the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT). Methods/design: A six-phase study using integrated knowledge translation governed by a study executive and advisory board will assemble empirical evidence to inform the CONSORT-equity extension. To create the guideline, the following steps are proposed: (1) develop a conceptual framework for identifying “equity-relevant trials,” (2) assess empirical evidence regarding reporting of equity-relevant trials, (3) consult with global methods and content experts on how to improve reporting of health equity in RCTs, (4) collect broad feedback and prioritize items needed to improve reporting of health equity in RCTs, (5) establish consensus on the CONSORT-equity extension: the guideline for equity-relevant trials, and (6) broadly disseminate and implement the CONSORT-equity extension. Discussion: This work will be relevant to a broad range of RCTs addressing questions of effectiveness for strategies to improve practice and policy in the areas of social determinants of health, clinical care, health systems, public health, and international development, where health and/or access to health care is a primary outcome. The outcomes include a reporting guideline (CONSORT-equity extension) for equity-relevant RCTs and a knowledge translation strategy to broadly encourage its uptake and use by journal editors, authors, and funding agencies.
How to obtain this paper / Como obtener este artículo: click here.
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13012-015-0332-z
__________
Social Media for Healthcare
Chitambo Hospital, in central Zambia, is making history. Not only did they establish 2 Facebook pages for emergency healthcare communications last week (one open https://www.facebook.com/Chitambo-Hospital-908021339291268/?fref=ts and one a closed forum for discussing confidential clinical issues) but they have also initiated a WhatsApp emergency care support network. This was launched on Friday 27th November and so far 2 ‘live’ emergency cases have been discussed.
The first case concerned hemorrhage following an abortion in a 15 year old patient. The second was a road traffic accident, with 2 victims, one with multiple fractures.
In both cases, staff from Chitambo Hospital and Rural Health Clinics were able to discuss management and obtain support and advice where necessary. For example, in the case of the abortion, the clinic nurse was advised to determine whether it was a complete or incomplete abortion; assess the patient’s overall condition; establish an intravenous line; give antibiotics; monitor amount of bleeding, and refer the patient to hospital if bleeding was excessive. The team provided support and invited periodic updates. The bleeding subsided and the patient did not need to be referred.
In the case of the RTA, the team was alerted, through the WhatsApp network, to ready the ambulance and expect 2 victims. The patients were admitted to Chitambo Hospital and updates were given on their condition. One patient was transferred to the Provincial hospital the next day and the emergency team gave support to the accompanying nurse during the journey.
This is very innovative work. The group includes internal and external medical advisors, as well as experienced local clinicians. My only question is, should the emergency ‘line’ be separated from more general discussions so that responses to real emergencies are not delayed? What do you think?
I have signed up for this free online course on Social Media in Health Care, which starts today: https://www.futurelearn.com/courses/social-media-in-healthcare
I hope that I will find time to do it as it seems highly relevant. The opening message says:
“We believe that social networking is an important trend: health care stakeholders who do not consider how to incorporate social networks in their practice risk being run over on the super-highway of health information sharing.”
Chitambo partners are very ‘switched on’ to social media as a way of sharing information. No danger of them being run over…..not on that particular highway at least!
Best wishes
Dr Jo Vallis
Research Officer
NHS Education for Scotland
World AIDS Day – Family Planning and HIV Integrated Supply Chains
On this World AIDS Day, December 1, 2015?approximately 36.9 million people are living with HIV/AIDS, and of this 20 million are women and children. The USAID | DELIVER PROJECT has produced a large number of publications on the subject of HIV and AIDS and supply chains. Most recently, the project published a brief highlighting the importance of integrating family planning (FP) and HIV services.
Learn more at http://bit.ly/1O1DSeB
Holly Love Deaton KM Program coordinator
USAID | DELIVER PROJECT DELIVER.JSI.COM
Community Video for Nutrition Guide: Using Participatory, Community-Led Videos to Improve Maternal, Infant, and Young Child Nutrition.
‘Interesting and useful resources this week include: SPRING and Digital Green’s ‘Community Video for Nutrition Guide’, which aims to provide organisations and projects using or testing community video for maternal, infant, and young child nutrition (MIYCN) with the information and tools needed to initiate, produce, and disseminate a participatory community-video approach for MIYCN’
https://www.spring-nutrition.org/publications/series/community-video-nutrition-guide
Based largely on experience in India, the guide reminds us of the power of generating video *with* members of the community. ‘The process of producing and disseminating the videos often elevates the role and influence of positive deviants or early adopters, who are the video “stars”. Community-led video has been shown to be highly effective as both a means of conveying information and catalyzing social change and individual behavior change for improved agriculture, livelihoods, and health behaviors.’
Interestingly the guide hardly mentions the role of mobile phones in disseminating video, although we know from Nand Wadhwani’s work that large-scale dissemination of nutrition video via mobile phone is not only feasible, but is already happening – and it is happening in India. Perhaps there is a complementarity here? Community-generated video plus ‘standard’ video for sharing and comparing?
Best wishes, Neil
Let’s build a future where people are no longer dying for lack of healthcare knowledge – Join HIFA: www.hifa2015.org
Webinar: Access to, production and use of research information in low and middle income countries, 1 December 2015
If you were unable to join us for yesterday’s webinar, you can view the recording here:
http://www.uksg.org/webinars/researchinformation
Our thanks to UKSG host Maria Campbell and fellow speakers Anne Powell & Ruth Bottomley (INASP) and Tom Mowlam (Ubiquity).
Best wishes, Neil
Let’s build a future where people are no longer dying for lack of healthcare knowledge – Join HIFA: www.hifa2015.org
Neurology in Africa
See the fill text http://www.uib.no/en/cih/72120/book-neurology-africa
Critical care handbook for global surgery
Critical care handbook for global surgery, by jgreigshaw
An open access, online handbook for use in settings where resources are scarce has been compiled by the editors Jacob S. Dreyer and David R. Ball, assisted by Abebe Bekele & Andrew Howard. It aims to supply essential support for the teaching and training of surgical critical care in sub-Saharan Africa and other regions. Printed copies may be obtained through the publisher for a charitable donation.
AfroPHC 