Around the world, millions of women lack access to contraception and family planning. Getting family planning supplies, including contraceptives, into the hands of those who need them the most helps improve the health of women and families. World Contraception Day is an effort to bring global attention to the importance of ensuring women and couples have access to the products and services they need. A recently updated series of Impact Briefs, Saving and Improving Lives through Increased Access to Contraceptives, prepared for USAID by the USAID | DELIVER PROJECT, examines health improvements related to supply chains for family planning programs in twenty countries in Africa and Asia.

Download the briefs at http://bit.ly/1KzDCEA

Anne Marie Hvid, PMP

Knowledge Management Advisor USAID | DELIVER PROJECT

deliver.jsi.com

To some extent, Americans have an advantage over much of the world’s population: The country’s two most widely spoken languages — English and Spanish — are among the most widely spoken worldwide. So, are Americans still willing to take language classes? The number of American students who learned a language other than English decreased by about 100,000 between 2009 and 2013, according to research by the Modern Language Association. For many, taking a class in economics might seem more beneficial than a French course. But is it really? ….more

Although qualitative content analysis is commonly used in nursing science research, the trustworthiness of its use has not yet been systematically evaluated. There is an ongoing demand for effective and straightforward strategies for evaluating content analysis studies. A more focused discussion about the quality of qualitative content analysis findings is also needed, particularly as several articles have been published on the validity and reliability of quantitative content analysis (Neuendorf, 2011; Potter & Levine-Donnerstein, 1999; Rourke & Anderson, 2004) than qualitative content analysis. Whereas many standardized procedures are available for performing quantitative content analysis (Baxter, 2009), this is not the case for qualitative content analysis.

Qualitative content analysis is one of the several qualitative methods currently available for analyzing data and interpreting its meaning (Schreier, 2012). As a research method, it represents a systematic and objective means of describing and quantifying phenomena (Downe-Wamboldt, 1992; Schreier, 2012). A prerequisite for successful content analysis is that data can be reduced to concepts that describe the research phenomenon (Cavanagh, 1997; Elo & Kyngäs, 2008; Hsieh & Shannon, 2005) by creating categories, concepts, a model, conceptual system, or conceptual map (Elo & Kyngäs, 2008; Morgan, 1993; Weber, 1990). The research question specifies what to analyze and what to create (Elo & Kyngäs, 2008; Schreier, 2012). In qualitative content analysis, the abstraction process is the stage during which concepts are created. Usually, some aspects of the process can be readily described, but it also partially depends on the researcher’s insight or intuitive action, which may be very difficult to describe to others (Elo & Kyngäs, 2008; Graneheim & Lundman, 2004). From the perspective of validity, it is important to report how the results were created. Readers should be able to clearly follow the analysis and resulting conclusions (Schreier, 2012).

Qualitative content analysis can be used in either an inductive or a deductive way. Both inductive and deductive content analysis processes involve three main phases: preparation, organization, and reporting of results. The preparation phase consists of collecting suitable data for content analysis, making sense of the data, and selecting the unit of analysis. In the inductive approach, the organization phase includes open coding, creating categories, and abstraction (Elo & Kyngäs, 2008). In deductive content analysis, the organization phase involves categorization matrix development, whereby all the data are reviewed for content and coded for correspondence to or exemplification of the identified categories (Polit & Beck, 2012). The categorization matrix can be regarded as valid if the categories adequately represent the concepts, and from the viewpoint of validity, the categorization matrix accurately captures what was intended (Schreier, 2012). In the reporting phase, results are described by the content of the categories describing the phenomenon using a selected approach (either deductive or inductive).

There has been much debate about the most appropriate terms (rigor, validity, reliability, trustworthiness) for assessing qualitative research validity (Koch & Harrington, 1998). Criteria for reliability and validity are used in both quantitative and qualitative studies when assessing the credibility (Emden & Sandelowski, 1999; Koch & Harrington, 1998; Ryan-Nicholls & Will, 2009). Such terms are mainly rooted in a positivist conception of research. According to Schreier (2012), there is no clear dividing line between qualitative and quantitative content analysis, and similar terms and criteria for reliability and validity are often used. Researchers have mainly used qualitative criteria when evaluating aspects of validity in content analysis (Kyngäs et al., 2011). The most widely used criteria for evaluating qualitative content analysis are those developed by Lincoln and Guba (1985). They used the term trustworthiness. The aim of trustworthiness in a qualitative inquiry is to support the argument that the inquiry’s findings are “worth paying attention to” (Lincoln & Guba, 1985). This is especially important when using inductive content analysis as categories are created from the raw data without a theory-based categorization matrix. Thus, we decided to use such traditional qualitative research terms when identifying factors affecting the trustworthiness of data collection, analysis, and presentation of the results of content analysis.

Several other trustworthiness evaluation criteria have been proposed for qualitative studies (Emden, Hancock, Schubert, & Darbyshire, 2001; Lincoln & Guba, 1985; Neuendorf, 2002;Polit & Beck, 2012; Schreier, 2012). However, a common feature of these criteria is that they aspire to support the trustworthiness by reporting the process of content analysis accurately.Lincoln and Guba (1985) have proposed four alternatives for assessing the trustworthiness of qualitative research, that is, credibility, dependability, conformability, and transferability. In 1994, the authors added a fifth criterion referred to as authenticity. From the perspective of establishing credibility, researchers must ensure that those participating in research are identified and described accurately. Dependability refers to the stability of data over time and under different conditions. Conformability refers to the objectivity, that is, the potential for congruence between two or more independent people about the data’s accuracy, relevance, or meaning. Transferability refers to the potential for extrapolation. It relies on the reasoning that findings can be generalized or transferred to other settings or groups. The last criterion, authenticity, refers to the extent to which researchers, fairly and faithfully, show a range of realities (Lincoln & Guba, 1985; Polit & Beck, 2012)

Researchers often struggle with problems that compromise the trustworthiness of qualitative research findings (de Casterlé, Gastmans, Bryon, & Denier, 2012). The aim of the study described in this article was to describe trustworthiness based on the main qualitative content analysis phases, and to compile a checklist for evaluating trustworthiness of content analysis study. The primary research question was, “What is essential for researchers attempting to improve the trustworthiness of a content analysis study in each phase?” The knowledge presented was identified from a narrative literature review of earlier studies, our own experiences, and methodological textbooks. A combined search of Medline (Ovid) and CINAHL (EBSCO) was conducted, using the following key words: trustworthiness, rigor OR validity, AND qualitative content analysis. The following were used as inclusion criteria: methodological articles focused on qualitative content analysis in the area of health sciences published in English and with no restrictions on year. The search identified 12 methodological content analysis articles from databases and reference list checks (Cavanagh, 1997; Downe-Wamboldt, 1992; Elo & Kyngäs, 2008; Graneheim & Lundman, 2004; Guthrie, Yongvanich, & Ricceri, 2004; Harwood & Garry, 2003; Holdford, 2008; Hsieh & Shannon, 2005; Morgan, 1993; Potter & Levine-Donnerstein, 1999; Rourke & Anderson, 2004; Vaismoradi, Bondas, & Turunen, 2013). The reference list of selected papers was also checked, and qualitative research methodology textbooks were used when writing the synthesis of the review. The discussion in this article helps to clarify how content analysis should be reported in a valid and understandable manner, which, we expect, will be of particular benefit to reviewers of scientific articles.

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Understand the principles of electrocardiography and learn a step-by-step approach to the ECG test, with this free online course….more

A new survey from L’Oreal looks at the public’s perception of female scientists with shocking results.  If you ask a kid to draw a scientist, they will draw a “mad scientist” with sticking up hair in a white lab coat, probably holding a test tube containing some evil-looking smoking liquid: an amalgam of Einstein and Frankenstein. Oh yes, and they’ll be male. Based on new research, this stereotype isn’t going anywhere. The L’Oreal Foundation have just published the results of a survey they carried out across Europe, asking around 5000 people their views and perceptions of scientists. The answers shocked me….more

‘Traditional medicines couldn’t stop the deadly virus from killing 50 people – a third of the population – in Kumala, ManMansaray’s small village in the north. “I used to believe that Ebola was something that can be cured by our herbalists here,” said Mansaray, 50, a farmer. “But when I saw what Ebola did in Kumala village … I changed my thought all together.” He said the victims included one of the herbalists and his wife, a secret society chief.

‘Secret societies that preserve ancient African traditions have been a pillar of Sierra Leone’s culture, but are losing credibility because doctors have convinced people like Mansaray that modern medicine, not ancient rites, will conquer Ebola.

‘The shift is a one example of how the Ebola has changed Sierra Leone, which continues to record new cases – five in the week through Sept. 13, according to the World Health Organization…

‘People don’t shake hands, they avoid large gatherings, refrain from sex if a partner might have come in contact with the virus and obsessively wash their hands at public sanitation stations as part of a national campaign to fight Ebola.

‘Abandoning traditional African beliefs about healing methods could be the most radical social shift wrought by the virus.’

Read full text online:

http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2015/09/19/after-ebola-africans-shun-herbal-medicines/72415924/

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Let’s build a future where people are no longer dying for lack of healthcare knowledge – Join HIFA: www.hifa2015.org  

Please find below the citation, abstract and selected extracts of a new paper in the open-access journal BMC Psychology.

Implementation science is “the scientific study of methods to promote the systematic uptake of research findings and other EBPs into routine practice, and, hence, to improve the quality and effectiveness of health services.”

‘This field incorporates a scope broader than traditional clinical research, focusing not only at the patient level but also at the provider, organization, and policy levels of healthcare. Accordingly, implementation research requires trans-disciplinary research teams that include members who are not routinely part of most clinical trials such as health services researchers; economists; sociologists; anthropologists; organizational scientists; and operational partners including administrators, front-line clinicians, and patients.’

CITATION: An introduction to implementation science for the non-specialist.

Bauer MS, Damschroder L, Hagedorn H, Smith J, Kilbourne AM.

BMC Psychol. 2015; 3(1): 32.

Published online 2015 Sep 16. doi:  10.1186/s40359-015-0089-9

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4573926/

Contact: mark.bauer@va.gov

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The movement of evidence-based practices (EBPs) into routine clinical usage is not spontaneous, but requires focused efforts. The field of implementation science has developed to facilitate the spread of EBPs, including both psychosocial and medical interventions for mental and physical health concerns.

DISCUSSION: The authors aim to introduce implementation science principles to non-specialist investigators, administrators, and policymakers seeking to become familiar with this emerging field. This introduction is based on published literature and the authors’ experience as researchers in the field, as well as extensive service as implementation science grant reviewers. Implementation science is “the scientific study of methods to promote the systematic uptake of research findings and other EBPs into routine practice, and, hence, to improve the quality and effectiveness of health services.” Implementation science is distinct from, but shares characteristics with, both quality improvement and dissemination methods. Implementation studies can be either assess naturalistic variability or measure change in response to planned intervention. Implementation studies typically employ mixed quantitative-qualitative designs, identifying factors that impact uptake across multiple levels, including patient, provider, clinic, facility, organization, and often the broader community and policy environment. Accordingly, implementation science requires a solid grounding in theory and the involvement of trans-disciplinary research teams.

SUMMARY: The business case for implementation science is clear: As healthcare systems work under increasingly dynamic and resource-constrained conditions, evidence-based strategies are essential in order to ensure that research investments maximize healthcare value and improve public health. Implementation science plays a critical role in supporting these efforts.

SELECTED EXTRACTS (selected by Neil PW)

‘It has been widely reported that evidence-based practices (EBPs) take on average 17 years to be incorporated into routine general practice in health care [1–3]. Even this dismal estimate presents an unrealistically rosy projection, as only about half of EBPs ever reach widespread clinical usage.’

‘A useful conceptualization of the biomedical research process has been as a “pipeline” whereby an intervention moves from efficacy through effectiveness trials to sustained application in general practice. Blockages can appear at various stages, leading to quality gaps as EBPs are applied in less controlled settings. Many factors can impede EBP uptake, including competing demands on frontline providers; lack of knowledge, skills and resources; and misalignment of research evidence with operational priorities can all impede uptake. Accordingly, there is clear need to develop specific strategies to promote the uptake of EBPs into general clinical usage. Implementation science has developed to address these needs.’

Best wishes,

Neil

Let’s build a future where people are no longer dying for lack of healthcare knowledge – Join HIFA: www.hifa2015.org  

‘The results of this study represent a first step in the analysis of the uptake of WHO recommendations at the country level based on the strength of the recommendation.’ Below are the citation, abstract and key findings of a paper in the Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. Unfortunately the full text is restricted-access.

CITATION: Nasser SM, Cooke G, Kranzer K, Norris SL, Olliaro P, Ford N. Strength of recommendations in WHO guidelines using GRADE was associated with uptake in national policy. J Clin Epidemiol. 2015 Jun;68(6):703-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2014.11.006. Epub 2014 Dec 13.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25578218

Contact email: fordn@who.int

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: This study assesses the extent to which the strength of a recommendation in a World Health Organization (WHO) guideline affects uptake of the recommendation in national guidelines.

STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: The uptake of recommendations included in HIV and TB guidelines issued by WHO from 2009 to 2013 was assessed across guidelines from 20 low- and middle-income countries in Africa and Southeast Asia. Associations between characteristics of recommendations (strength, quality of the evidence, type) and uptake were assessed using logistic regression.

RESULTS: Eight WHO guidelines consisting of 109 strong recommendations and 49 conditional recommendations were included, and uptake assessed across 44 national guidelines (1,255 recommendations) from 20 countries. Uptake of WHO recommendations in national guidelines was 82% for strong recommendations and 61% for conditional recommendations. The odds of uptake comparing strong recommendations and conditional recommendations was 1.9 (95% confidence interval: 1.4, 2.7), after adjustment for quality of evidence. Higher levels of evidence quality were associated with greater uptake, independent of recommendation strength.

CONCLUSION: Guideline developers should be confident that conditional recommendations are frequently adopted. The fact that strong recommendations are more frequently adopted than conditional recommendations underscores the importance of ensuring that such recommendations are justified.

Key findings

– Uptake of World Health Organization recommendations in national guidelines is high and associated with strength of recommendation and evidence quality. A higher level of evidence quality was associated with greater uptake of the recommendation, independent of strength.

What this adds to what was known?

– Conditional recommendations are frequently adopted, although less frequently than strong recommendations.

Best wishes, Neil

Let’s build a future where people are no longer dying for lack of healthcare knowledge – Join HIFA: www.hifa2015.org  

Below are the citation, highlights and a selected extract of a new open-access paper in the journal Nurse Education Today. The authors suggest that ‘students struggle to see how evidence contributes to practice’.

CITATION: Pedagogical strategies to teach bachelor students evidence-based practice: A systematic review

B. Aglen, Faculty of Nursing, Sør-Trøndelag University College, Institute of Nursing, PO Box 2320, 7004 Trondheim, Norway

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2015.08.025

Nurse Education Today 2015

Contact: bjorg.aglen@hist.no

HIGHLIGHTS

– Students struggle to see how evidence contributes to practice.

– Students need to learn how knowledge relates to practice in general to see the relevance of research findings to EBP.

– Discretion and critical thinking are the most needed competencies for EBP.

– Knowledge transfer related to clinical problems should be prioritized teaching EBP.

SELECTED EXTRACT (selected by Neil PW)

‘The majority of the students do not have the eager and motivation needed to gather, evaluate and use information (Burns and Foley, 2005). They expect the right answer served from authorities like teachers, experienced nurses, physicians, and do not see themselves as active knowledge creators.’

—

Let’s build a future where people are no longer dying for lack of healthcare knowledge – Join HIFA: www.hifa2015.org  

I was fortunate to attend an event in New York this week discussing the role of data in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. The panelists brought up many of the key points we have discussed here as well. Speakers gave examples for how data can be used (not only collected) by frontline health workers, and how it can be translated into policy- as well as some challenges in these same areas.

The recording of the event (sponsored by Johnson & Johnson, the Frontline Health Workers Coalition, the One Million Campaign and others) is available here: http://livestream.com/JNJandPartners/Data

If you use Twitter, you can also find quotations from the event by searching #Data4GlobalGoals.

I am interested to hear your reactions to the points made at this event and available in the video. From your experience, do you agree with the points made? Do you disagree, or have additional comments to add?

Best wishes,

Carolyn

HIFA profile: Carolyn Moore is a Program Officer with Powering Frontline Health Workers in the USA.

Ernesto Rodríguez Leal has developed a new device that rapidly and painlessly diagnoses STDs like chlamydia, gonorrhoea, syphilis and trichomoniasis.

A Mexican Associate Professor of Robotics, Ernesto Rodríguez Leal, has developed a new device that rapidly and painlessly diagnoses Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) like chlamydia, gonorrhoea, syphilis and trichomoniasis.

The device, called Hoope, is a ring that consists of four microfluidic channels for each STD test and a disposable cartridge and a needle. When the ring is placed on the thumb, a small needle inside the ring draws a small sample of blood and distributes it into the four different channels. The device uses an electrical pulse to numb the area where the needle will be inserted so there’s no pain.

Each channel contains antigens that have been created to detect antibodies for each STD. If there are antibodies in the blood for a particular disease, it produces an electrochemical reaction.

The test results are sent wirelessly to a smartphone, where the Hoope app displays the results in less than a minute. According to the founders, the results are completely confidential and those who are tested positive for an STD, the app provides medical guidance through a map with the location of a nearby specialist so they can get treatment.  The Hoope app also provides users with valuable information regarding sexual health and follow up recommendations to their test results.

Leal met his team, Damel Mektepbayeva and Irina Rymshina, at the Singular University Labs, a programme in the US that provides start-ups with tools needed to conceptualise social impact projects and transform the ideas from the lab to the end product. The programme consists of a three-month stay at NASA, which brings together 80 people from around the world.

The Hoope device will be manufactured in China and will be available in January 2016 through an Indiegogo campaign. It will first be marketed in Mexico, then the rest of Latin America, and later Europe and the US. Following the success of the STD testing device, the start-up hopes to develop similar cartridges to detect allergies, cancer and diabetes.

For more information contact news@eHealthNews.co.za, like us on Facebook or tweet us @eHealthNewsZA.

END OF ARTICLE

Link:  http://ehealthnews.co.za/std-testing-ring/

Hope you find this interesting.

Kind regards

The Team at Cura Nova Recruitment and Nursing CC

WONCA E-Update

Friday 25th September 2015

WONCA News – September 2015

The latest WONCA News, containing the usual mix of WONCA news, views and events, is available via the WONCA website.

WONCA Featured Doctors

Dr Viviana Martinez-Bianchi, an Argentinian doctor now residing in USA, is the Program Director of the Duke Family Medicine Residency Program at Duke University in North Carolina, USA.  She is a member of the WONCA Organizational Equity Committee (OEC), the Working Party on Education and the Special Interest Group on Migrant Health care.

Professor Enrique Barros has recently been appointed as Chair Pro Tem of WONCA’s Working Party on the Environment.  He lives and practices in Santa Maria do Herval, a rural town of 6,000 in the mountains of southern Brazil, and is also a professor at Universidade de Caxias do Sul.  

PEARLS

Clinical pearls are defined as small bits of free-standing, clinically relevant information based on experience or observation. They are part of the vast domain of experience-based medicine, and can be helpful in dealing with clinical problems for which controlled data do not exist.  Or, in brief, they are a short, straightforward piece of clinical advice.

From time to time WONCA publishes PEARLS which it feels may be of interest and use to its members.  Recent PEARLS published on the WONCA website include the following.  More information, and a library of previous PEARLS, can also be accessed via the website.

460 Calcium channel blockers minimally effective for Raynaud’s phenomenon

459 No evidence for routine systemic antibiotics for venous leg ulcers

458 Limited benefit from hip protectors

457 Vitamin D alone ineffective for preventing fractures

456 Short-term psychodynamic psychotherapies can benefit common mental disorders

461 Minimal benefits from neuraminidase inhibitors in influenza

WONCA Rio 2016 – Call for abstracts

Our colleagues in the Rio Host Organizing Committee for the WONCA World Conference in November 2016 have advised us that they are now inviting submission of abstracts.

WHO statement

25 September 2015

WHO welcomes the launch of the 2030 Sustainable Development (SDG) agenda, and commits to work with partners around the world to achieve the new development goals.

Building on the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), the SDG agenda demonstrates unprecedented scope and ambition. Poverty eradication, health, education, and food security and nutrition remain priorities, but the 17 SDGs also encompass a broad range of economic, social and environmental objectives, as well as the promise of more peaceful and inclusive societies.

SDG 3: Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages, profiles health as a desirable outcome in its own right. Importantly, however, health is also presented as an input to other goals, and a reliable measure of how well sustainable development is progressing in general.

The health goal itself includes new targets for key issues on which major progress has been made under the MDGs. The global HIV, TB and malaria epidemics have been turned around. Worldwide, child mortality and maternal mortality have dropped greatly, by 53% and more than 40% respectively since 1990.

But much remains to be done. Reports of global progress have often masked discrepancies in progress between and within countries. There is a recognition of the need to focus not only on ensuring that people survive, but that they thrive as well.

It has also become clear that the world would be a healthier place if there were global targets for a much wider range of issues. Importantly, the new goal includes targets for tackling noncommunicable diseases. It also covers health security; reproductive, maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health; infectious diseases and universal health coverage.

WHO looks forward to collaborating with partners to meet all these targets, and particularly welcomes the inclusion of universal health coverage. Universal health coverage expresses the very spirit of the new development agenda, with its emphasis on equity and social inclusion that leaves no one behind.

__________

The BMA Information Fund 2015 is open for applications until 5.00pm (BST) on Monday 28th September, or until 100 applications are received. The Information Fund provides health information and educational materials to health-focussed organisations in developing countries.

Who can apply?

• *             Health care institutions
• *             Medical schools
• *             Libraries
• *             Health-focused non-governmental organisations and similar organisations

What do we donate?

• *             Educational and training materials (e.g. books, CDs, DVDs).
• *             There is a maximum limit of £1500 for each application. However, quantities requested may be reduced due to the high number of applications.
• *             We do not donate money.

How to apply: http://bma.org.uk/working-for-change/international-affairs/information-fund

Thanks and best wishes

Martin Carroll

Deputy Head OISC Level 1 Immigration Adviser

International Department Policy Directorate

British Medical Association London, UK Tel: +44 (0)207 383 6231

Wu L, Norman G, Dumville JC, O’Meara S, Bell-Syer SEM. Dressings for treating foot ulcers in people with diabetes: an overview of systematic reviews. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2015, Issue 7. Art. No.: CD010471. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD010471.pub2.

Here is what the plain language summary states:

‘This overview drew together and summarised evidence from 13 systematic reviews that contained 17 relevant randomised controlled trials (the best type of study for this type of question) published up to 2013. Collectively, these trials compared 10 different types of wound dressings against each other, making a total of 37 separate comparisons. The different ways in which dressing types were compared made it difficult to combine and analyse the results. Only four of the comparisons informed by direct data found evidence of a difference in ulcer healing between dressings, but these results were classed as low quality evidence.

There was no clear evidence that any of the ‘advanced’ wound dressings types were any better than basic wound contact dressings for healing foot ulcers. The overview findings were restricted by the small amount of information available (a limited number of trials involving small numbers of participants).

Until there is a clear answer about which type of dressing performs best for healing foot ulcers in people with diabetes, other factors, such as clinical management of the wound, cost, and patient preference and comfort, should influence the choice of dressing.’

Best wishes, Holly Millward

Communications and Engagement Officer Cochrane UK

E holly.millward@cochrane.nhs.uk<mailto:holly.millward@cochrane.nhs.uk>   T +44(0) 1865 516 300    S holly.millward2   T @MillwardHolly Cochrane UK, Summertown Pavilion, 18-24 Middle Way, Oxford, OX2 7LG UK

uk.cochrane.org

My research colleagues at the Johns Hopkins Global mHealth Initiative have created an opportunity for you to share information about your mHealth frontline health worker (FHW) project with the global health community – and it will only take you 5 mins!

They’ve got funding from Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation to conduct a landscape analysis of how tablets/smart phones are being used by community / frontline healthcare workers.

They’d especially like to know 2 things:

1.       How are you using ICT to support FHWs, and

2.       Which platforms and devices are you using to support the health workers in your programs?

The team will present the findings of their survey in a report which will be shared with the global community to identify current trends and future opportunities for innovation in primary health care systems.

It will only take 5 minutes for you to tell them about your program.

Just click on the link below to get started to ensure your project is included in the survey. You have until 2 October

Don’t be left out – join everyone else who is already connecting with us to share their information.

http://tinyurl.com/FHWDigitalSurvey

The team is looking forward to hearing from you!

Best wishes

Lesley-Anne

Lesley-Anne Long

Global Director

mPowering Frontline Health Workers

www.mpoweringhealth.org<http://www.mpoweringhealth.org>

The homestay website has taken off in South Africa, with locals opening up their houses to visitors to make extra cash….more

I have been a school nurse for 14 years. I currently work in the Salt Lake City School District, and have for 8 years, and before that I worked 6 years in Georgia.  I have learned that people view the role of school nurses differently depending on who you ask. Opinions vary from “applying bandages”, and “giving out ice packs”, to “performing miracles”, or they may not have an answer, and just give you a blank stare. It all depends on who you ask. Although all of these answers are in part correct, they are a very small part of my job…..more