IMCI is a strategy for delivering key interventions that prevent and treat the most common causes of mortality in children under five years old, including neonatal infections, pneumonia, diarrhoea, measles, malaria and undernutrition. IMCI includes the following components:

1. Improvements in the case management skills of health workers IMCI standard case management guidelines provide a systematic approach to assessing, classifying and treating sick children from birth up to five years old including giving appropriate counselling.
2. Improvements in the health system required to deliver child health interventions effectively System improvements that are needed in order to provide appropriate case management to newborns and children include adequate numbers of trained staff, an adequate supply of medicines and other supplies, regular supervision of first-level health workers, high-quality referral care and mechanisms for ensuring that those children who need referral are referred properly.
3. Improvements in family and community practices A number of key family and community practices are important to prevent and treat the causes of child deaths.1 These include exclusive breastfeeding and complementary feeding, use of insecticide-treated bednets, seeking vaccines and vitamin A at the right times, recognition of when to seek care for a sick neonate or child and appropriate management of sick children in the home.

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